South Africa's high levels of xenophobia are partially a result of the violent past of apartheid, an academic from the Centre for Policy Studies (CPS) said on Thursday.

"Violence has been evidently accepted as a way to sort out problems," Maxine Reitzes, an associate at the CPS, told a seminar on xenophobia in Johannesburg.

Reitzes said people were defined during apartheid by who they were not and this carried over beyond 1994.

In addition to this, service delivery in modern South Africa contributed to xenophobic attitudes as service providers were required to report non-citizens who applied for services.

This was despite non-nationals being entitled to those services, she said.

Sapa

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